Slow Pyrolysis of Ulva lactuca (Chlorophyta) for Sustainable Production of Bio-Oil and Biochar

Ulva Lactuca is a fast-growing algae that can be utilized as bioenergy source. However, the direct utilization of U. lactuca for energy applications still remains challenging due to its high moisture and inorganics content. Therefore, thermochemical processing such slow pyrolysis produce valuable added products, namely bio-oil biochar, needed. This study aims conduct thorough investigation biochar production from provide data further valorization. A was conducted in batch-type reactor at temperature range 400–600 °C times 10–50 min. The results showed significant compounds obtained lactuca’s are carboxylic acids (22.63–35.28%), phenolics (9.73–31.89%), amines/amides (15.33–23.31%), N-aromatic (14.04–15.68%). ultimate analysis revealed biochar’s H/C O/C atomic ratios were lower than feedstock, confirming dehydration decarboxylation reactions occurred throughout pyrolysis. Additionally, exhibited calorific values 19.94–21.61 MJ kg−1, which potential used solid renewable fuel. surface morphological by scanning electron microscope (SEM) larger area algal feedstock. Overall, this finding provides insight on valorization value-added chemicals, i.e., biofuels other applications.